Doctor explains UNDESCENDED TESTICLES | Causes, symptoms, treatment

Undescended Testicles: Understanding Cryptorchidism

Undescended testicles, medically known as cryptorchidism, is a condition that affects approximately 1 in 25 boys at birth. This condition occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum, which is their normal anatomical position. While many cases resolve spontaneously within the first few months of life, it is crucial for parents to understand the implications, diagnosis, and treatment options available for undescended testicles.

Understanding Cryptorchidism

During fetal development, a baby boy's testicles form in the abdomen and typically descend into the scrotum about one to two months before birth. The reasons why some boys are born with undescended testicles are not entirely understood, but several risk factors have been identified. Premature birth, low birth weight, and a family history of cryptorchidism can increase the likelihood of this condition.

Diagnosis of Undescended Testicles

The diagnosis of undescended testicles is usually straightforward and is often made during a newborn physical examination or during routine check-ups at 6 to 8 weeks of age. A pediatrician will perform a physical examination to determine if the testicles can be palpated in the scrotum or if they are absent. If the testicles cannot be felt, further evaluation may be necessary, and a referral to a pediatric surgeon may be warranted.

Importance of Early Detection

While undescended testicles are not typically associated with immediate health risks, early detection and monitoring are essential. If left untreated, boys with cryptorchidism may face long-term complications, including fertility issues and an increased risk of testicular cancer later in life. Therefore, if you notice that your child's testicles are not in the normal position, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

Treatment Options

If the testicles have not descended by six months of age, treatment is usually recommended. The primary treatment for undescended testicles is a surgical procedure known as orchidopexy. This operation involves repositioning the testicles into the scrotum and is typically performed before the child reaches one year of age. Early intervention is crucial to minimize the risks of future complications.

The Surgical Procedure

Orchidopexy is generally a straightforward procedure with a high success rate. The surgery is performed under general anesthesia, ensuring that the child is asleep and pain-free during the operation. The surgeon makes an incision in the groin to locate the undescended testicle, which is then moved down into the scrotum through a second incision. In cases where the testicle is located higher in the abdomen, a laparoscopic approach may be utilized. This minimally invasive technique involves using a laparoscope—a small tube with a camera—to locate and reposition the testicle.

The procedure typically lasts about an hour and is often performed as day surgery, allowing the child to return home the same day. Post-operative care is essential for a smooth recovery. Parents should ensure that their child receives adequate pain relief and stays hydrated. Engaging in gentle activities, such as reading or watching television, can help distract the child from any discomfort.

Post-Surgery Care and Monitoring

After surgery, it is normal for the child to feel a bit unwell for the first 24 hours due to the effects of anesthesia. Loose-fitting clothing can help alleviate discomfort in the groin area. It is important to monitor the surgical site for any signs of infection, such as severe pain, fever, or unusual discharge. If any concerning symptoms arise, parents should contact their healthcare provider promptly.

Potential Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, orchidopexy carries some risks. While complication rates are generally low, potential issues include bleeding, infection, and the possibility of the testicle moving back into the groin. Testicular atrophy, where the blood supply to the testicle is compromised, is another risk, particularly if the testicle has to be moved a significant distance to reach the scrotum.

Conclusion

In summary, undescended testicles are a common condition that requires careful monitoring and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent long-term complications. If you have concerns about your child's testicular development, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. For more detailed information, please refer to the trusted resources linked in the description of my video. Your child's health and well-being are paramount, and understanding conditions like cryptorchidism is an essential step in ensuring their future health.