Understanding BRCA 1 and 2 Tests: A Crucial Guide for Families at Risk of Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Doctor explains the importance of BRCA 1 and 2 tests in identifying genetic risks for breast and ovarian cancers. Learn who should get tested, how the tests are conducted, and what the results mean for you and your family.
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Topic Breakdown
In today's post, we're diving deep into the BRCA 1 and 2 tests, essential tools in the fight against breast and ovarian cancers. If you have a strong family history of these cancers, understanding your genetic predisposition can be crucial. Let's break down what these tests are, why they're done, how they're performed, and what the results mean for you and your family.
The BRCA test is primarily used for individuals with a significant family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Those who carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have a higher risk of developing these cancers, making this testing incredibly valuable. Broadly, there are two types of BRCA tests: diagnostic and predictive.
Diagnostic testing is performed on someone who has already had breast or ovarian cancer, especially with a strong family history. This test can provide information about the likelihood of further cancers and can also inform family members about their own risks. Predictive testing, on the other hand, is conducted on an unaffected relative of someone known to have a BRCA1 or 2 gene mutation.
So, why is BRCA testing done? As we discussed, it can help you decide on preventive measures or early detection strategies. Options range from more frequent mammograms to surgical removal of at-risk organs. These decisions are complex and should be made in consultation with a clinical genetics professional. Your GP or family medicine doctor can refer you to your local clinical genetics service for detailed discussions.
Many people wonder how BRCA testing is conducted. Typically, the test involves collecting a blood sample via a needle from a vein in the arm. There's no need for a surgical biopsy of breast or ovarian tissue. Occasionally, alternative sample types like a mouth swab or spit sample might be used, but this should be discussed with the professionals involved in the testing.
Now, let's talk about what the BRCA test results mean. Since there are hundreds of possible mutations of BRCA genes, test results must be interpreted in the context of your personal and family history. A genetic health professional will explain the meaning of the results and offer advice on risk reduction options. This guidance is crucial both before and after testing.
You might also be concerned about how the test results affect your family members. When one family member is tested for BRCA mutations, it's important to share this information with other relatives. Most people want to help their family members and may seek testing primarily for this reason. However, if you've lost touch with family members or find it difficult to inform them, your local clinical genetics service can assist you.
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